Back Idioma daco AN Idioma daciu AST Дакийски език Bulgarian Dàcic Catalan Dáčtina Czech Dakische Sprache German Δακική γλώσσα Greek Daka lingvo EO Idioma dacio Spanish Daakian kieli Finnish
| Dacian | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Dacia, whose land corresponded with modern-day Romania, northern Bulgaria, eastern Serbia; Moldova, southwestern Ukraine, southeastern Slovakia, southern Poland, northeastern Hungary |
| Ethnicity | Dacians |
| Extinct | 6th century AD[1] |
Indo-European
| |
| Latin, Greek (limited use) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xdc |
xdc | |
| Glottolog | daci1234 |
| Part of a series on |
| Indo-European topics |
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Dacian (/ˈdeɪʃən/) is an extinct language generally believed to be a member of the Indo-European language family that was spoken in the ancient region of Dacia.
While there is general agreement among scholars that Dacian was an Indo-European language, there are divergent opinions about its place within the IE family:
- Dacian and the extinct Thracian language were members of a single dialect continuum; e.g. Baldi (1983) and Trask (2000).
- Dacian was a language distinct from Thracian but closely related to it, belonging to the same branch of the Indo-European family (a "Thraco-Dacian", or "Daco-Thracian" branch has been theorised by some linguists).[2]
- Dacian, Thracian, the Baltic languages (Duridanov also adds Pelasgian) formed a distinct branch of Indo-European, e.g. Schall (1974), Duridanov (1976), Radulescu (1987) and Mayer (1996).[3][4][5][6]
- Daco-Moesian was the ancestor of Albanian, belonging to a branch other than Thracian, but closely related to Thracian and distinct from Illyrian. Proposed by Georgiev (1977),[7] this view has not gained wide acceptance among scholars and is rejected by most linguists, who consider that Albanian belongs to the Illyrian branch of IE,[8] either as a direct descendant or as a sister language.[9]
The Dacian language is poorly documented. Unlike Phrygian, which is documented by c. 200 inscriptions, only one Dacian inscription is believed to have survived.[10][11] The Dacian names for a number of medicinal plants and herbs may survive in ancient literary texts,[12][13] including about 60 plant-names in Dioscorides.[14] About 1,150 personal names[11][15] and 900 toponyms may also be of Dacian origin.[11] A few hundred words in modern Romanian and Albanian may have originated in ancient Balkan languages such as Dacian (see List of Romanian words of possible Dacian origin). Linguists have reconstructed about 100 Dacian words from placenames using established techniques of comparative linguistics, although only 20–25 such reconstructions had achieved wide acceptance by 1982.[16]
- ^ "Dacian". Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
- ^ Edwards, Gadd & Hammond 1971, p. 840.
- ^ Schall H., Sudbalten und Daker. Vater der Lettoslawen. In:Primus congressus studiorum thracicorum. Thracia II. Serdicae, 1974, S. 304, 308, 310
- ^ The Language of the Thracians, Ivan Duridanov, 2.9 Thracian and Illyrian
- ^ Rădulescu 1987.
- ^ Mayer 1996.
- ^ Georgiev 1977, pp. 132, 183, 192, 204, 282.
- ^ Lloshi 1999, p. 283.
- ^ Friedman 2020, p. 388; Friedman 2022.
- ^ Asenova 1999, p. 212.
- ^ a b c Nandris 1976, p. 730.
- ^ Dioscorides.
- ^ Pseudo-Apuleius.
- ^ Price 1998, p. 120.
- ^ Petrescu-Dîmbovița 1978, p. 130.
- ^ Polomé 1982, p. 872.