Islamophobia

Islamophobia is the irrational and unjustified fear of, hatred of, or prejudice against the religion of Islam or Muslims in general,[1][2][3][4][5] especially when seen as a geopolitical force or a source of terrorism.[6][7][8]

The scope and precise definition of the term Islamophobia is the subject of debate. Some scholars consider it to be a form of xenophobia or racism, some consider Islamophobia and racism to be closely related or partially overlapping phenomena, while others dispute any relationship, primarily on the grounds that religion is not a race.

The causes of Islamophobia are also the subject of debate, most notably between commentators who have posited an increase in Islamophobia resulting from the September 11 attacks,[9] the rise of the militant group Islamic State, other terror attacks in Europe and the United States by Islamic extremists,[10] those who associated it with the increased presence of Muslims in the United States and in the European Union, and others who view it as a response to the emergence of a global Muslim identity.

On 15 March 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution by consensus which was introduced by Pakistan on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation that proclaimed March 15 as 'International Day to Combat Islamophobia'.[11]

  1. ^ "The Devastating Mental Health Effects of Islamophobia". TIME. 16 November 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  2. ^ Segal, Jody. "LibGuides: Islam and Muslim Americans: Islamophobia". libguides.greenriver.edu. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Islamophobia". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  4. ^ "islamophobia". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  5. ^ "Islamophobia". Collins Dictionary. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  6. ^ Miles & Brown 2003, p. 166.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference egorova was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Wike, Richard; Stokes, Bruce; Simmons, Katie (July 2016). Europeans Fear Wave of Refugees Will Mean More Terrorism, Fewer Jobs (PDF) (Report). Pew Research Center. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  9. ^ Kiara Alfonseca (11 September 2021). "20 years after 9/11, Islamophobia continues to haunt Muslims". ABC News.
  10. ^ Duncan Spence (2 November 2014). "Why online Islamophobia is difficult to stop". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
  11. ^ "'Landmark resolution': UNGA declares March 15 as International Day to Combat Islamophobia". Dawn. 15 March 2022.